The Power to Innovate
Covid-19, mRNA, and government and private sector roles in healthcare
The Japanese public is concerned that domestic pharmaceutical companies have yet to launch a single Covid-19 vaccine. Some may argue that this is due to a low rate of vaccine confidence, as is seen in the national tendency to avoid the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which has, in turn, caused a problem for vaccine development.
Although there may, indeed, be such a factor, this would not be the primary reason—especially not for the delay in the domestic development of a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine.
It should be noted that Moderna, Inc., the US pharmaceutical and biotechnology company that has produced an mRNA vaccine to combat Covid-19, had been advancing cancer therapeutic vaccine development since well before the pandemic.
In Japan, however, initiation of development was delayed compared with other advanced countries, and efforts to develop products based on mRNA technology have failed to make significant progress. This is not because the environment surrounding a prophylactic vaccine is unfavorable but, rather, it is due to the lack of an environment in which companies can take risks and consider new modalities.
The Role of Government
The coronavirus pandemic has made me reconsider what the government should do to promote the development of innovative healthcare products. Among the various ideas I have come up with, I would like to conclude—even though this may be obvious—that the primary responsibility of the government is to create an environment in which innovative products are highly valued and the private sector can invest in a broad range of research and development (R&D).
I see that Operation Warp Speed—the public–private partnership backed by the US government to support rapid development of a Covid-19 vaccine—has had a huge impact. This underlines the fact that the Japanese government needs to invest directly in companies that can provide clinical research and manufacturing facilities, especially during a public health emergency.
Yet, under normal circumstances, it is fair to say that the private sector in Japan can make more efficient investments than can the government. It is extremely challenging for the government to pinpoint and invest in a promising company and product. Further, a massive direct investment by the Japanese government is unlikely, given the current budgetary issues.
By evaluating the history of mRNA technology, we can see how difficult it is to identify rising stars. Thanks to its wide use around the world to prevent Covid-19 infections, mRNA technology is now well known. Before the pandemic, however, only a few of us predicted such a quick, practical application. A researcher from Hungary, according to media reports, even struggled to have the merits of her research results recognized, despite years of studies.
Private Sector Stands Ready
I believe that Japanese and US companies in the private sector are willing to take risks and engage in R&D if they recognize innovative product candidates and can appropriately evaluate them under the right conditions.
But how can Japan create such an environment? I will be committed to accomplishing this once I complete my current assignment in the United States, and policymaking becomes my direct responsibility in the government.
US corporations are involved in the two mRNA vaccines currently in use, a fact that highlights US power to pursue innovation. The collaboration between Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech SE in Germany brought us a Covid-19 vaccine, thanks to the US pharmaceutical company’s attitude of aggressively seeking cooperation among companies beyond the borders that might restrain activity under normal circumstances. It has made me realize, once again, the importance of open innovation.
During the rest of my stay in the United States, I look forward to gaining further insight into what drives the US power to innovate.
